56,966 blogs · [ { "id": "01a09672-566e-71be-914e-8c41279e4dfd", "title": "Microcode in Intel's 8087 floating-point chip: the scale instruction", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2026/09/8087-microcode-reverse-engineering-fscale.html", "published_at": "2026-09-12T15:45:16+00:00" }, { "id": "01a07df4-eb4c-727e-9977-1c6cdca1ea2f", "title": "Cores in space: The core memory module from a 1980 Spacelab computer", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2026/08/spacelab-core-memory.html", "published_at": "2026-08-30T16:42:42+00:00" }, { "id": "01a07df4-eb4c-727e-9977-1c6cdcb4633f", "title": "Energizing a vacuum-tube flip-flop module from a 1948 IBM system", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2026/07/ibm-604-trigger-tube-module.html", "published_at": "2026-07-31T16:04:31+00:00" }, { "id": "01a07df4-eb4c-727e-9977-1c6cdd138a42", "title": "Examining circuit boards from the Space Shuttle's I/O Processor", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2026/06/space-shuttle-io-processor-boards.html", "published_at": "2026-06-28T16:11:20+00:00" }, { "id": "01a07df4-eb4c-727e-9977-1c6cddcd0501", "title": "The adder at the heart of Intel's 8087 floating-point chip", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2026/06/intel-8087-adder-reverse-engineered.html", "published_at": "2026-06-13T15:56:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a07df4-eb4c-727e-9977-1c6cde8606fc", "title": "Powering up a module from the IBM 604: an electronic calculator from 1948", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2026/06/ibm-604-thyraton-tube-module.html", "published_at": "2026-06-07T16:57:09+00:00" }, { "id": "01a07df4-eb4c-727e-9977-1c6cdef81444", "title": "Microcode inside the Intel 8087 floating-point chip: register exchange", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2026/05/microcode-inside-intel-8087-floating.html", "published_at": "2026-05-30T17:09:35+00:00" }, { "id": "01a07df4-eb4c-727e-9977-1c6cdfc6363e", "title": "Reverse engineering circuitry in a Spacelab computer from 1980", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2026/05/reverse-engineering-spacelab-computer.html", "published_at": "2026-05-23T16:17:44+00:00" }, { "id": "01a07df4-eb4c-727e-9977-1c6cdffad1fb", "title": "The electromechanical angle computer inside the B-52 bomber's star tracker", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2026/04/B-52-star-tracker-angle-computer.html", "published_at": "2026-04-18T16:24:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a07df4-eb4c-727e-9977-1c6ce0a8d904", "title": "The rise and fall of IBM's 4 Pi aerospace computers: an illustrated history", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2026/03/ibm-4-pi-computer-history.html", "published_at": "2026-03-29T16:06:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a07df4-eb4c-727e-9977-1c6ce11a1ba2", "title": "Instruction decoding in the Intel 8087 floating-point chip", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2026/02/8087-instruction-decoding.html", "published_at": "2026-02-14T16:48:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a07df4-eb4c-727e-9977-1c6ce2026522", "title": "Notes on the Intel 8086 processor's arithmetic-logic unit", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2026/01/notes-on-intel-8086-processors.html", "published_at": "2026-01-23T17:09:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a07df4-eb4c-727e-9977-1c6ce25af664", "title": "Conditions in the Intel 8087 floating-point chip's microcode", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2025/12/8087-microcode-conditions.html", "published_at": "2025-12-30T18:00:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a07df4-eb4c-727e-9977-1c6ce27b2c92", "title": "The stack circuitry of the Intel 8087 floating point chip, reverse-engineered", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2025/12/8087-stack-circuitry.html", "published_at": "2025-12-09T17:54:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a07df4-eb4c-727e-9977-1c6ce326a464", "title": "Unusual circuits in the Intel 386's standard cell logic", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2025/11/unusual-386-standard-cell-circuits.html", "published_at": "2025-11-22T16:15:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a07df4-eb4c-727e-9977-1c6ce41d2240", "title": "Solving the NYTimes Pips puzzle with a constraint solver", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2025/10/solve-nyt-pips-with-constraints.html", "published_at": "2025-10-18T15:41:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a07df4-eb4c-727e-9977-1c6ce4cc22d7", "title": "A Navajo weaving of an integrated circuit: the 555 timer", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2025/09/marilou-schultz-navajo-555-weaving.html", "published_at": "2025-09-06T14:39:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a07df4-eb4c-727e-9977-1c6ce55b3835", "title": "Why do people keep writing about the imaginary compound Cr2Gr2Te6?", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2025/08/Cr2Ge2Te6-not-Cr2Gr2Te6.html", "published_at": "2025-08-18T18:41:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a07df4-eb4c-727e-9977-1c6ce5b45abc", "title": "Here be dragons: Preventing static damage, latchup, and metastability in the 386", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2025/08/static-latchup-metastability-386.html", "published_at": "2025-08-17T14:40:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a07df4-eb4c-727e-9977-1c6ce5b68989", "title": "A CT scanner reveals surprises inside the 386 processor's ceramic package", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2025/08/intel-386-package-ct-scan.html", "published_at": "2025-08-09T16:08:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a07df4-eb4c-727e-9977-1c6ce6095b55", "title": "How to reverse engineer an analog chip: the TDA7000 FM radio receiver", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2025/08/reverse-engineering-analog-TDA7000.html", "published_at": "2025-08-02T15:10:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a07df4-eb4c-727e-9977-1c6ce65f4e7c", "title": "Reverse engineering the mysterious Up-Data Link Test Set from Apollo", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2025/07/reverse-engineering-mysterious-up-data.html", "published_at": "2025-07-21T16:10:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a07df4-eb4c-727e-9977-1c6ce707330c", "title": "Inside the Apollo \"8-Ball\" FDAI (Flight Director / Attitude Indicator)", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2025/06/inside-apollo-fdai.html", "published_at": "2025-06-14T03:12:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a07df4-eb4c-727e-9977-1c6ce74613f8", "title": "Reverse engineering the 386 processor's prefetch queue circuitry", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2025/05/386-prefetch-circuitry-reverse-engineered.html", "published_at": "2025-05-10T02:55:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a07df4-eb4c-727e-9977-1c6ce79f0d9b", "title": "The absurdly complicated circuitry for the 386 processor's registers", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2025/05/intel-386-register-circuitry.html", "published_at": "2025-05-01T17:04:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a07df4-eb4c-727e-9977-1c6ce79feecc", "title": "A tricky Commodore PET repair: tracking down 6 1/2 bad chips", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2025/04/commodore-pet-repair.html", "published_at": "2025-04-13T15:45:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a0be04-6473-709b-b284-18ffb79d404a", "title": "Notes on the Pentium's microcode circuitry", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2025/03/pentium-microcde-rom-circuitry.html", "published_at": "2025-03-31T17:14:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a0be04-6473-709b-b284-18ffb83d6415", "title": "A USB interface to the \"Mother of All Demos\" keyset", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2025/03/mother-of-all-demos-usb-keyset-interface.html", "published_at": "2025-03-23T15:25:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a0be04-6473-709b-b284-18ffb921ed54", "title": "The Pentium contains a complicated circuit to multiply by three", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2025/03/pentium-multiplier-adder-reverse-engineered.html", "published_at": "2025-03-02T17:46:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a0be04-6473-709b-b284-18ffb99957c1", "title": "The origin and unexpected evolution of the word \"mainframe\"", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2025/02/origin-of-mainframe-term.html", "published_at": "2025-02-01T18:20:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a0be04-6473-709b-b284-18ffb9ed557a", "title": "Interesting BiCMOS circuits in the Pentium, reverse-engineered", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2025/01/pentium-reverse-engineering-bicmos.html", "published_at": "2025-01-21T16:48:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a0be04-6473-709b-b284-18ffba8c13a3", "title": "Reverse-engineering a carry-lookahead adder in the Pentium", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2025/01/pentium-carry-lookahead-reverse-engineered.html", "published_at": "2025-01-18T18:19:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a0be04-6473-709b-b284-18ffbb0cd192", "title": "It's time to abandon the cargo cult metaphor", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2025/01/its-time-to-abandon-cargo-cult-metaphor.html", "published_at": "2025-01-12T16:56:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a0be04-6473-709b-b284-18ffbb40ff50", "title": "Pi in the Pentium: reverse-engineering the constants in its floating-point unit", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2025/01/pentium-floating-point-ROM.html", "published_at": "2025-01-05T17:29:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a0be04-6473-709b-b284-18ffbba2073d", "title": "Intel's $475 million error: the silicon behind the Pentium division bug", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2024/12/this-die-photo-of-pentium-shows.html", "published_at": "2024-12-28T18:54:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a0be04-6473-709b-b284-18ffbc52db25", "title": "Antenna diodes in the Pentium processor", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2024/11/antenna-diodes-in-pentium-processor.html", "published_at": "2024-11-23T19:59:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a0be04-6473-709b-b284-18ffbd3bc514", "title": "Wealth distribution in the United States", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2024/10/wealth-distribution-in-united-states.html", "published_at": "2024-10-09T15:33:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a0be04-6473-709b-b284-18ffbda77a78", "title": "Reverse-engineering a three-axis attitude indicator from the F-4 fighter plane", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2024/09/f4-attitude-indicator.html", "published_at": "2024-09-28T04:47:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a0be04-6473-709b-b284-18ffbe3f576c", "title": "Inside a ferroelectric RAM chip", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2024/09/ramtron-ferroelectric-fram-die.html", "published_at": "2024-09-23T18:44:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a0be04-6473-709b-b284-18ffbea3f541", "title": "The Pentium as a Navajo weaving", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2024/08/pentium-navajo-fairchild-shiprock.html", "published_at": "2024-09-01T16:10:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a0be04-6473-709b-b284-18ffbf0289bc", "title": "Inside the guidance system and computer of the Minuteman III nuclear missile", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2024/08/minuteman-guidance-computer.html", "published_at": "2024-08-19T18:16:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a0be04-6473-709b-b284-18ffbf1e278e", "title": "Reverse engineering the 59-pound printer onboard the Space Shuttle", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2024/08/space-shuttle-interim-teleprinter.html", "published_at": "2024-08-03T03:46:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a0be04-6473-709b-b284-18ffbfb6d1b6", "title": "Inside an IBM/Motorola mainframe controller chip from 1981", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2024/07/ibm-3274-keystone-chip.html", "published_at": "2024-07-16T06:15:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a0be04-6473-709b-b284-18ffc072c414", "title": "Standard cells: Looking at individual gates in the Pentium processor", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2024/07/pentium-standard-cells.html", "published_at": "2024-07-07T17:38:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a0be04-6473-709b-b284-18ffc1117be3", "title": "Inside the tiny chip that powers Montreal subway tickets", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2024/06/montreal-mifare-ultralight-nfc.html", "published_at": "2024-06-23T15:59:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a0be04-6473-709b-b284-18ffc1428a66", "title": "Inside a vintage aerospace navigation computer of uncertain purpose", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2024/05/blog-post.html", "published_at": "2024-05-29T14:16:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a0be04-6473-709b-b284-18ffc1a315ac", "title": "Talking to memory: Inside the Intel 8088 processor's bus interface state machine", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2024/04/intel-8088-bus-state-machine.html", "published_at": "2024-04-28T00:47:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a0be04-6473-709b-b284-18ffc24e873d", "title": "Inside an unusual 7400-series chip implemented with a gate array", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2024/03/idt-gate-array.html", "published_at": "2024-03-26T23:00:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a0be04-6473-709b-b284-18ffc3358e69", "title": "The Intel 8088 processor's instruction prefetch circuitry: a look inside", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2024/03/8088-prefetch-circuitry.html", "published_at": "2024-03-23T03:20:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a0be04-6473-709b-b284-18ffc3736129", "title": "The first microcomputer: The transfluxor-powered Arma Micro Computer from 1962", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2024/02/the-first-microcomputer-transfluxor.html", "published_at": "2024-02-23T00:53:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a0be0a-dd96-703e-a94b-538b3118982e", "title": "Inside the mechanical Bendix Air Data Computer, part 5: motor/tachometers", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2024/02/bendix-cadc-servomotor-tachometer.html", "published_at": "2024-02-17T18:11:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a0be0a-dd96-703e-a94b-538b315424b1", "title": "Reverse-engineering an analog Bendix air data computer: part 4, the Mach section", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2024/02/reverse-engineering-analog-bendix-air.html", "published_at": "2024-02-11T17:44:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a0be0a-dd96-703e-a94b-538b31b2dfe6", "title": "Reverse engineering standard cell logic in the Intel 386 processor", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2024/01/intel-386-standard-cells.html", "published_at": "2024-01-30T01:33:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a0be0a-dd96-703e-a94b-538b31bad129", "title": "Reverse engineering CMOS, illustrated with a vintage Soviet counter chip", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2024/01/reverse-engineering-cmos.html", "published_at": "2024-01-28T17:57:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a0be0a-dd96-703e-a94b-538b32735782", "title": "Inside the mechanical Bendix Air Data Computer, part 3: pressure transducers", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2024/01/bendix-cadc-pressure-transducers.html", "published_at": "2024-01-16T17:46:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a0be0a-dd96-703e-a94b-538b328c7b98", "title": "Interesting double-poly latches inside AMD's vintage LANCE Ethernet chip", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2023/12/amd-lance-ethernet-double-poly.html", "published_at": "2023-12-31T18:18:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a0be0a-dd96-703e-a94b-538b333ae10e", "title": "The transparent chip inside a vintage Hewlett-Packard floppy drive", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2023/12/HP-silicon-on-sapphire-phi-chip.html", "published_at": "2023-12-20T06:33:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a0be0a-dd96-703e-a94b-538b33f459b5", "title": "Two interesting XOR circuits inside the Intel 386 processor", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2023/12/386-xor-circuits.html", "published_at": "2023-12-16T06:36:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a0be0a-dd96-703e-a94b-538b34a731f6", "title": "Reverse engineering the barrel shifter circuit on the Intel 386 processor die", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2023/12/386-barrel-shifter.html", "published_at": "2023-12-06T17:12:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a0be0a-dd96-703e-a94b-538b34c2c7c3", "title": "Inside the Intel 386 processor die: the clock circuit", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2023/11/intel-386-clock-circuit.html", "published_at": "2023-11-30T16:52:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a0be0a-dd96-703e-a94b-538b359c15df", "title": "Reverse engineering the Intel 386 processor's register cell", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2023/11/reverse-engineering-intel-386.html", "published_at": "2023-11-09T16:52:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a0be0a-dd96-703e-a94b-538b359f62f5", "title": "Reverse-engineering Ethernet backoff on the Intel 82586 network chip's die", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2023/10/reverse-engineering-ethernet-backoff-on.html", "published_at": "2023-10-31T15:39:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a0be0a-dd96-703e-a94b-538b3627de16", "title": "Examining the silicon dies of the Intel 386 processor", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2023/10/intel-386-die-versions.html", "published_at": "2023-10-13T00:24:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a0be0a-dd96-703e-a94b-538b369360ac", "title": "Reverse-engineering the mechanical Bendix Central Air Data Computer", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2023/10/bendix-cadc-reverse-engineering.html", "published_at": "2023-10-07T16:04:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a0be0a-dd96-703e-a94b-538b370bb69f", "title": "How flip-flops are implemented in the Intel 8086 processor", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2023/09/8086-flip-flops.html", "published_at": "2023-09-30T16:03:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a0be0a-dd96-703e-a94b-538b371ac5ff", "title": "Tracing the roots of the 8086 instruction set to the Datapoint 2200 minicomputer", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2023/08/datapoint-to-8086.html", "published_at": "2023-08-12T16:26:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a0be0a-dd96-703e-a94b-538b3781989f", "title": "A close look at the 8086 processor's bus hold circuitry", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2023/08/intel-8086-bus-hold.html", "published_at": "2023-08-05T16:39:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a0be0a-dd96-703e-a94b-538b3824fbf6", "title": "Undocumented 8086 instructions, explained by the microcode", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2023/07/undocumented-8086-instructions.html", "published_at": "2023-07-16T06:28:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a0be0a-dd96-703e-a94b-538b38bcdcf0", "title": "Reverse-engineering the 8086 processor's address and data pin circuits", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2023/07/8086-pins.html", "published_at": "2023-07-08T16:14:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a0be0a-dd96-703e-a94b-538b3900fd20", "title": "The complex history of the Intel i960 RISC processor", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2023/07/the-complex-history-of-intel-i960-risc.html", "published_at": "2023-07-01T16:32:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a0be0a-dd96-703e-a94b-538b3998abb1", "title": "The Group Decode ROM: The 8086 processor's first step of instruction decoding", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2023/05/8086-processor-group-decode-rom.html", "published_at": "2023-05-13T22:42:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a0be0a-dd96-703e-a94b-538b39dc958d", "title": "Reverse-engineering the division microcode in the Intel 8086 processor", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2023/04/reverse-engineering-8086-divide-microcode.html", "published_at": "2023-04-08T15:01:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a0be0a-dd96-703e-a94b-538b3a432408", "title": "The microcode and hardware in the 8086 processor that perform string operations", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2023/04/8086-microcode-string-operations.html", "published_at": "2023-04-04T16:57:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a0be0a-dd96-703e-a94b-538b3a4de869", "title": "Reverse-engineering the Globus INK, a Soviet spaceflight navigation computer", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2023/03/reverse-engineering-globus-ink-soviet.html", "published_at": "2023-03-22T16:45:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a0be0a-dd96-703e-a94b-538b3ac054ba", "title": "Reverse-engineering the multiplication algorithm in the Intel 8086 processor", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2023/03/8086-multiplication-microcode.html", "published_at": "2023-03-15T15:53:00+00:00" }, { "id": "01a0e27c-7b25-71a8-9cd1-cac59263b0a1", "title": "How Hacker News ranking really works", "url": "http://www.righto.com/2013/11/how-hacker-news-ranking-really-works.html", "published_at": "2014-02-27T12:16:35+00:00" } ] posts Claim your blog

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2026

Microcode in Intel's 8087 floating-point chip: the scale instruction original ↗

12 Sept 2026

Cores in space: The core memory module from a 1980 Spacelab computer original ↗

30 Aug 2026

Energizing a vacuum-tube flip-flop module from a 1948 IBM system original ↗

31 Jul 2026

Examining circuit boards from the Space Shuttle's I/O Processor original ↗

28 Jun 2026

The adder at the heart of Intel's 8087 floating-point chip original ↗

13 Jun 2026

Powering up a module from the IBM 604: an electronic calculator from 1948 original ↗

7 Jun 2026

Microcode inside the Intel 8087 floating-point chip: register exchange original ↗

30 May 2026

Reverse engineering circuitry in a Spacelab computer from 1980 original ↗

23 May 2026

The electromechanical angle computer inside the B-52 bomber's star tracker original ↗

18 Apr 2026

The rise and fall of IBM's 4 Pi aerospace computers: an illustrated history original ↗

29 Mar 2026

Instruction decoding in the Intel 8087 floating-point chip original ↗

14 Feb 2026

Notes on the Intel 8086 processor's arithmetic-logic unit original ↗

23 Jan 2026

2025

Conditions in the Intel 8087 floating-point chip's microcode original ↗

30 Dec 2025

The stack circuitry of the Intel 8087 floating point chip, reverse-engineered original ↗

9 Dec 2025

Unusual circuits in the Intel 386's standard cell logic original ↗

22 Nov 2025

Solving the NYTimes Pips puzzle with a constraint solver original ↗

18 Oct 2025

A Navajo weaving of an integrated circuit: the 555 timer original ↗

6 Sept 2025

Why do people keep writing about the imaginary compound Cr2Gr2Te6?original ↗

18 Aug 2025

Here be dragons: Preventing static damage, latchup, and metastability in the 386 original ↗

17 Aug 2025

A CT scanner reveals surprises inside the 386 processor's ceramic package original ↗

9 Aug 2025

How to reverse engineer an analog chip: the TDA7000 FM radio receiver original ↗

2 Aug 2025

Reverse engineering the mysterious Up-Data Link Test Set from Apollo original ↗

21 Jul 2025

Inside the Apollo "8-Ball" FDAI (Flight Director / Attitude Indicator)original ↗

14 Jun 2025

Reverse engineering the 386 processor's prefetch queue circuitry original ↗

10 May 2025

The absurdly complicated circuitry for the 386 processor's registers original ↗

1 May 2025

A tricky Commodore PET repair: tracking down 6 1/2 bad chips original ↗

13 Apr 2025

Notes on the Pentium's microcode circuitry original ↗

31 Mar 2025

A USB interface to the "Mother of All Demos" keyset original ↗

23 Mar 2025

The Pentium contains a complicated circuit to multiply by three original ↗

2 Mar 2025

The origin and unexpected evolution of the word "mainframe"original ↗

1 Feb 2025

Interesting BiCMOS circuits in the Pentium, reverse-engineered original ↗

21 Jan 2025

Reverse-engineering a carry-lookahead adder in the Pentium original ↗

18 Jan 2025

It's time to abandon the cargo cult metaphor original ↗

12 Jan 2025

Pi in the Pentium: reverse-engineering the constants in its floating-point unit original ↗

5 Jan 2025

2024

Intel's $475 million error: the silicon behind the Pentium division bug original ↗

28 Dec 2024

Antenna diodes in the Pentium processor original ↗

23 Nov 2024

Wealth distribution in the United States original ↗

9 Oct 2024

Reverse-engineering a three-axis attitude indicator from the F-4 fighter plane original ↗

28 Sept 2024

Inside a ferroelectric RAM chip original ↗

23 Sept 2024

The Pentium as a Navajo weaving original ↗

1 Sept 2024

Inside the guidance system and computer of the Minuteman III nuclear missile original ↗

19 Aug 2024

Reverse engineering the 59-pound printer onboard the Space Shuttle original ↗

3 Aug 2024

Inside an IBM/Motorola mainframe controller chip from 1981 original ↗

16 Jul 2024

Standard cells: Looking at individual gates in the Pentium processor original ↗

7 Jul 2024

Inside the tiny chip that powers Montreal subway tickets original ↗

23 Jun 2024

Inside a vintage aerospace navigation computer of uncertain purpose original ↗

29 May 2024

Talking to memory: Inside the Intel 8088 processor's bus interface state machine original ↗

28 Apr 2024

Inside an unusual 7400-series chip implemented with a gate array original ↗

26 Mar 2024

The Intel 8088 processor's instruction prefetch circuitry: a look inside original ↗

23 Mar 2024

The first microcomputer: The transfluxor-powered Arma Micro Computer from 1962 original ↗

23 Feb 2024

Inside the mechanical Bendix Air Data Computer, part 5: motor/tachometers original ↗

17 Feb 2024

Reverse-engineering an analog Bendix air data computer: part 4, the Mach section original ↗

11 Feb 2024

Reverse engineering standard cell logic in the Intel 386 processor original ↗

30 Jan 2024

Reverse engineering CMOS, illustrated with a vintage Soviet counter chip original ↗

28 Jan 2024

Inside the mechanical Bendix Air Data Computer, part 3: pressure transducers original ↗

16 Jan 2024

2023

Interesting double-poly latches inside AMD's vintage LANCE Ethernet chip original ↗

31 Dec 2023

The transparent chip inside a vintage Hewlett-Packard floppy drive original ↗

20 Dec 2023

Two interesting XOR circuits inside the Intel 386 processor original ↗

16 Dec 2023

Reverse engineering the barrel shifter circuit on the Intel 386 processor die original ↗

6 Dec 2023

Inside the Intel 386 processor die: the clock circuit original ↗

30 Nov 2023

Reverse engineering the Intel 386 processor's register cell original ↗

9 Nov 2023

Reverse-engineering Ethernet backoff on the Intel 82586 network chip's die original ↗

31 Oct 2023

Examining the silicon dies of the Intel 386 processor original ↗

13 Oct 2023

Reverse-engineering the mechanical Bendix Central Air Data Computer original ↗

7 Oct 2023

How flip-flops are implemented in the Intel 8086 processor original ↗

30 Sept 2023

Tracing the roots of the 8086 instruction set to the Datapoint 2200 minicomputer original ↗

12 Aug 2023

A close look at the 8086 processor's bus hold circuitry original ↗

5 Aug 2023

Undocumented 8086 instructions, explained by the microcode original ↗

16 Jul 2023

Reverse-engineering the 8086 processor's address and data pin circuits original ↗

8 Jul 2023

The complex history of the Intel i960 RISC processor original ↗

1 Jul 2023

The Group Decode ROM: The 8086 processor's first step of instruction decoding original ↗

13 May 2023

Reverse-engineering the division microcode in the Intel 8086 processor original ↗

8 Apr 2023

The microcode and hardware in the 8086 processor that perform string operations original ↗

4 Apr 2023

Reverse-engineering the Globus INK, a Soviet spaceflight navigation computer original ↗

22 Mar 2023

Reverse-engineering the multiplication algorithm in the Intel 8086 processor original ↗

15 Mar 2023

2014

How Hacker News ranking really works original ↗

27 Feb 2014