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"01a09534-b88e-72cd-8fe8-85d97d79177b", "title": "Romans: Sallust, Plutarch, and others on human sacrifice and other crimes of Catiline and conspirators (first century BCE on)", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2026/09/romans-sallust-plutarch-and-others-on-crimes-of-catiline-and-conspirators-first-century-bce-on/", "published_at": "2026-09-11T16:37:30+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db32-7217-b9d3-e230884628a7", "title": "Guide to Porphyry of Tyre", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2026/09/guide-to-porphyry-of-tyre/", "published_at": "2026-09-04T00:41:56+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db32-7217-b9d3-e230889b1035", "title": "Greeks, Egyptians, and Carthaginians: Porphyry and others on human sacrifice (third century CE)", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2026/09/greeks-egyptians-and-carthaginians-porphyry-and-others-on-human-sacrifice-third-century-ce/", "published_at": "2026-09-04T00:27:16+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db32-7217-b9d3-e23088f93f66", "title": 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Magians’ expertise on lower spirits and on their lack of true wisdom (early fourth century CE)", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2026/08/persians-lactantius-on-magians-expertise-on-lower-spirits-and-on-their-lack-of-true-wisdom-early-third-century-ce/", "published_at": "2026-08-06T18:04:08+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db32-7217-b9d3-e2308ae8cc11", "title": "Taurians, Gauls, and Romans: Lactantius on human sacrifice and other criminal rituals to false gods (early fourth century CE)", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2026/08/taurians-gauls-egyptians-and-romans-lactantius-on-human-sacrifice-and-other-criminal-rituals-to-false-gods-early-fourth-century-ce/", "published_at": "2026-08-05T14:35:02+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db32-7217-b9d3-e2308bd0725c", "title": "Arkadians: Plato, Varro, and others on supposed Lykaian human sacrifice (fourth century BCE on)", "url": 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"01a087c1-db32-7217-b9d3-e2308da2da25", "title": "Chaldeans and Chaldoi: Hellanikos of Lesbos and Dikaiarchos of Messena on two peoples (fifth century BCE on)", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2026/07/chaldeans-and-chaldoi-hellanikos-dikaiarchos-of-messena-and-others-on-two-peoples-late-fourth-century-bce/", "published_at": "2026-07-26T17:25:42+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db32-7217-b9d3-e2308e6927ce", "title": "Scythians: Athenaios and others on Scythianizing and “Scythian speech” (fifth century BCE on)", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2026/07/scythians-athenaios-and-others-on-scythianizing-and-scythian-speech-fifth-century-bce-on/", "published_at": "2026-07-21T19:19:29+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db32-7217-b9d3-e2308ed8c1de", "title": "Iberians: Valerius Maximus, Petronius, Florus, and Appian on brave and/or savage Numantines (first-second centuries CE)", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2026/07/iberians-appian-of-alexandria-on-brave-yet-savage-numantines-second-century-ce/", "published_at": "2026-07-15T13:03:36+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db32-7217-b9d3-e2308ee1f34c", "title": "Egyptians: Juvenal on “demented Egypt,” animal worship, and the eating of raw human flesh (early second century CE)", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2026/07/egyptians-juvenal-on-demented-egypt-animal-worship-and-the-eating-of-raw-human-flesh-early-second-century-ce/", "published_at": "2026-07-13T17:19:08+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db32-7217-b9d3-e2308eedf346", "title": "Ancient Visual Ethnography: Picturing Invading and Conquered Peoples (Pomona College, Classics presentation, April 2026)", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2026/03/ancient-visual-ethnography-picturing-invading-and-conquered-peoples-pomona-college-classics-presentation/", "published_at": "2026-03-15T16:07:23+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db32-7217-b9d3-e2308ef4ff8c", "title": "Germans and other northerners: Captives in the reliefs from the Sebasteion at Aphrodisias (mid-first century CE)", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2026/03/northerners-captives-in-the-reliefs-from-the-sebasteion-at-aphrodisias-mid-first-century-ce/", "published_at": "2026-03-15T15:49:40+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db32-7217-b9d3-e2308f48c237", "title": "Germans: Josephos on the accuracy of German divination (late first century CE)", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2025/06/germans-josephos-josephus-on-the-accuracy-of-german-divination-late-first-century-ce/", "published_at": "2025-06-13T13:48:40+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db32-7217-b9d3-e2308fc54b5f", "title": "Germans: Josephos characterizes Caligula’s bodyguard as savage (late first century CE)", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2025/06/germans-josephos-josephus-characterizes-caligulas-german-bodyguard-late-first-century-ce/", "published_at": "2025-06-12T14:09:32+00:00" }, { "id": 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"published_at": "2024-09-02T16:43:35+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db32-7217-b9d3-e230936cd8f9", "title": "Libyans: Eratosthenes, Artemidoros, and Strabo on peoples and customs (early first century CE)", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2024/09/libyans-eratosthenes-artemidoros-and-strabo-on-peoples-and-customs-early-first-century-ce/", "published_at": "2024-09-02T15:57:03+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db32-7217-b9d3-e2309400b8c0", "title": "Ethiopians: Strabo on a hard lifestyle in a harsh environment (early first century CE)", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2024/09/ethiopians-strabo-on-a-hard-lifestyle-in-a-harsh-environment-early-first-century-ce/", "published_at": "2024-09-02T12:59:58+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db32-7217-b9d3-e23094e67902", "title": "Egyptians: Strabo on animal gods and accompanying rites (early first century CE)", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2024/09/egyptians-strabo-on-animal-gods-and-accompanying-rites-early-first-century-ce/", "published_at": "2024-09-02T12:40:33+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db32-7217-b9d3-e230953b2b16", "title": "Arabians and Erembians: Poseidonios, Strabo and others on obscure peoples mentioned by Homer (early first century CE)", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2024/09/arabians-and-erembians-poseidonios-strabo-and-others-on-obscure-peoples-mentioned-in-homer-early-first-century-ce/", "published_at": "2024-09-01T13:49:46+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db32-7217-b9d3-e23095d8c692", "title": "Arabians and Nabateans: Strabo on their supposedly uncivilized sexual and burial customs (early first century CE)", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2024/09/arabians-and-nabateans-strabo-on-their-supposedly-uncivilized-sexual-and-burial-customs-early-first-century-ce/", "published_at": "2024-09-01T13:39:36+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db32-7217-b9d3-e230968b63bb", "title": "Judeans: Strabo on decline after Moses and banditry (early first century CE)", "url": 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of Ethiopians and self-control of Assyrians (early first century CE)", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2024/08/ethiopians-philo-on-the-supposed-lowness-of-ethiopians-and-self-control-of-assyrians-early-first-century-ce/", "published_at": "2024-08-13T22:47:56+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db33-7264-bc76-f6fd801a0fd1", "title": "Ethiopians: Origen on the blackness of Solomon’s and Moses’ Ethiopian wife and on the spiritual Ethiopian (early third century CE)", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2024/08/ethiopians-origen-on-the-blackness-of-solomons-and-moses-ethiopian-wife-and-on-the-spiritual-ethiopian-early-third-century-ce/", "published_at": "2024-08-13T21:52:39+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db33-7264-bc76-f6fd8049c9cf", "title": "Egyptians, Phrygians, Assyrians and Persians: Firmicus Maternus on impious customs (mid-fourth century CE)", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2024/08/egyptians-phrygians-assyrians-and-persians-firmicus-maternus-on-impious-customs-early-fourth-century-ce/", "published_at": "2024-08-13T18:14:06+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db33-7264-bc76-f6fd813c6af6", "title": "Eastern and northern peoples: Bardaisan of Edessa’s Book of the Laws of Countries, Pseudo-Clementines, and Origen on astrology and peoples (second-third centuries CE)", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2024/08/eastern-and-northern-peoples-bardaisan-of-edessa-and-philippos-book-of-the-laws-of-countriessecond-third-centuries-ce/", "published_at": "2024-08-13T15:30:40+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db33-7264-bc76-f6fd821e7e1d", "title": "Indians, Ethiopians, and Iberians: Poseidonios and Strabo on Eudoxos of Kyzikos’ expeditions (first centuries BCE and CE)", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2024/08/indians-ethiopians-and-iberians-poseidonios-and-strabo-on-eudoxos-of-kyzikos-expeditions-first-centuries-bce-and-ce/", "published_at": "2024-08-09T12:56:37+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db33-7264-bc76-f6fd82f6ffc1", "title": "Guide to Dio Cassius", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2024/08/guide-to-dio-cassius/", "published_at": "2024-08-08T18:59:48+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db33-7264-bc76-f6fd833f7335", "title": "Libyans: Dio Cassius and others on Domitian’s annihilation of Nasamonians (early third century CE)", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2024/08/libyans-dio-cassius-and-others-on-domitians-annihilation-of-nasamonians-early-third-century-ce/", "published_at": "2024-08-08T18:30:25+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db33-7264-bc76-f6fd8394e247", "title": "Britons: Dio Cassius on the wild lifestyle and banditry of Maiatians and Kaledonians (early third century CE)", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2024/08/britons-dio-cassius-on-the-wild-lifestyle-and-banditry-of-maiatians-and-kaledonians-early-third-century-ce/", "published_at": "2024-08-08T17:29:18+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db33-7264-bc76-f6fd841be7cc", "title": "Persians and peoples in their territory: Strabo on their customs and on bandit peoples (early first century CE)", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2024/08/persians-and-peoples-in-their-territory-strabo-on-their-customs-and-on-bandit-peoplesearly-first-century-ce/", "published_at": "2024-08-06T17:22:55+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db33-7264-bc76-f6fd843accef", "title": "Arianians, Gedrosians, and Karmanians: Eratosthenes and Strabo on their locations and some customs (early first century CE)", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2024/08/arianians-gedrosians-and-karmanians-strabo-on-their-locations-and-some-customs-early-first-century-ce/", "published_at": "2024-08-06T14:05:44+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db33-7264-bc76-f6fd852bc4c5", "title": "Ichthyophagians: Nearchos and Agatharchides on Fish-eaters around the Arabian Sea (fourth-first centuries BCE)", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2024/08/ichthyophagians-nearchos-agatharchides-and-diodoros-on-fish-eaters-east-of-the-persian-gulf-second-first-centuries-bce/", "published_at": "2024-08-06T02:25:46+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db33-7264-bc76-f6fd85a207e2", "title": "Germans, Britons, and Indians: Strabo on travelers, soldiers and merchants as sources of information (early first century CE)", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2024/08/germans-britons-and-indians-strabo-on-travelers-soldiers-and-merchants-as-sources-of-information-early-first-century-ce/", "published_at": "2024-08-06T01:25:28+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db33-7264-bc76-f6fd864ae9a9", "title": "Indians: Megasthenes, Aristoboulos, Onesikritos, and Strabo on Indian customs and on Brahmans (fourth century BCE-early first century CE)", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2024/08/indians-aristoboulos-onesikritos-and-strabo-on-naked-sages-or-brahmans-at-taxila-third-century-bce-on/", "published_at": "2024-08-05T01:16:24+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db33-7264-bc76-f6fd870305d7", "title": "Indians: Eratosthenes and Strabo on legendary Nysaians and Sibians (third century BCE / early first century CE)", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2024/08/indians-eratosthenes-and-strabo-on-legendary-nysaians-and-sibians-third-century-bce-early-first-century-ce/", "published_at": "2024-08-04T20:04:06+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db33-7264-bc76-f6fd87d785fa", "title": "Indians: Iamboulos and Diodoros on a utopian island beyond India (mid-first century BCE)", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2024/07/indians-iamboulos-and-diodoros-on-a-utopian-island-beyond-india-mid-first-century-bce/", "published_at": "2024-07-24T14:52:26+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db33-7264-bc76-f6fd88747daf", "title": "Celts: Cicero on Gauls and the link between imperial conquest and negative stereotypes (mid-first century BCE)", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2024/06/gauls-cicero-and-the-link-between-imperial-conquest-and-negative-stereotypes-mid-first-century-bce/", "published_at": "2024-06-21T12:58:11+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db33-7264-bc76-f6fd88cdb0f6", "title": "Egyptians: Ammonios’ papyrus letter on “inhuman Egyptians” (third century CE)", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2024/06/egyptians-ammonios-papyrus-letter-on-inhuman-egyptians-third-century-ce/", "published_at": "2024-06-05T13:43:43+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db33-7264-bc76-f6fd8935931d", "title": "Guide to Cicero", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2024/05/guide-to-cicero/", "published_at": "2024-05-29T13:30:17+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db33-7264-bc76-f6fd8964a055", "title": "Guide to Hekataios of Miletos", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2024/05/guide-to-hekataios-of-miletos/", "published_at": "2024-05-28T22:04:37+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db33-7264-bc76-f6fd8a4b164e", "title": "Syrians, Persians, Indians, Libyans, and others: Hekataios of Miletos on peoples of Asia (sixth century BCE)", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2024/05/syrians-leukosyrians-hekataios-of-miletos-on-peoples-of-asia-sixth-century-bce/", "published_at": "2024-05-28T17:10:19+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db33-7264-bc76-f6fd8a541192", "title": "Scythians and Thracians: Hekataios of Miletos on European peoples (sixth century BCE)", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2024/05/scythians-and-thracians-hekataios-of-miletos-mentions-peoples-of-europe-fifth-century-bce/", "published_at": "2024-05-28T14:39:22+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db33-7264-bc76-f6fd8a7010b5", "title": "Pelasgians, Lelegians, and others: Hekataios of Miletos and Strabo on barbarians of Greece (sixth century BCE on)", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2024/05/pelasgians-lelegians-and-others-hekataios-of-miletos-and-strabo-on-barbarians-of-greece-fifth-century-bce-on/", "published_at": "2024-05-28T12:19:38+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db33-7264-bc76-f6fd8a94b313", "title": "Phoenicians: Dion and Menander on competition between Tyrian and Israelite kings (before the late first century CE)", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2024/05/phoenicians-dion-and-menander-on-competition-between-the-tyrian-and-israelite-king/", "published_at": "2024-05-26T17:03:55+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db33-7264-bc76-f6fd8b2d56eb", "title": "Parthians: Dio Cassius on their empire and military customs (early third century CE)", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2024/05/parthians-dio-cassius-on-their-empire-and-military-customs-early-third-century-ce/", "published_at": "2024-05-26T16:30:41+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db33-7264-bc76-f6fd8b8023ad", "title": "Parthians and Arabians: Isidoros of Charax and the imperial purposes of geographic and ethnographic information (late first century BCE)", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2024/05/parthians-and-arabians-isidoros-of-charax-and-the-imperial-purposes-of-geographic-and-ethnographic-information-late-first-century-bce/", "published_at": "2024-05-26T15:52:56+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db33-7264-bc76-f6fd8ba0125d", "title": "Phoenician perspectives: Philo of Byblos on “Phoenician Matters” (early second century CE)", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2024/05/phoenician-perspectives-philo-of-byblos-second-century-ce/", "published_at": "2024-05-26T05:13:33+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db33-7264-bc76-f6fd8ba9e066", "title": "Lycians: Menekrates of Xanthos and Polycharmos on Lycian origins and the practice of fish-divination (late fifth century BCE on)", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2024/05/lycians-polycharmos-on-lycian-practices-of-fish-divination-second-century-bce/", "published_at": "2024-05-25T21:09:11+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db33-7264-bc76-f6fd8c6a7ad1", "title": "Carthaginians: Plato, Aristotle, Polybios and others on their character and communal organization (fourth century BCE on)", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2024/05/carthaginians-plato-aristotle-polybios-and-others-on-their-character-and-communal-organization-fourth-century-bce-on/", "published_at": "2024-05-24T19:22:07+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db33-7264-bc76-f6fd8c8ce70c", "title": "Scythians, Thracians, Celts, and Persians: Plato on heavy-drinking and war-like peoples (early fourth century BCE)", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2024/05/scythians-thracians-celts-and-persians-plato-on-heavy-drinking-and-war-like-peoples-early-fourth-century-bce/", "published_at": "2024-05-23T23:13:29+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db33-7264-bc76-f6fd8ce91c31", "title": "Lelegians: Plutarch on Greek Trallians’ treatment of indigenous peoples (early second century CE)", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2024/05/lelegians-plutarch-on-greek-trallians-treatment-of-indigenous-peoples-early-second-century-ce/", "published_at": "2024-05-23T17:24:52+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db33-7264-bc76-f6fd8d85a811", "title": "Lelegians and Carians: Philippos of Theangela on civilized Carians and savage Lelegians (third century BCE)", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2024/05/carians-and-lelegians-philip-of-theangela-on-civilized-carians-and-savage-lelegians-third-century-bce/", "published_at": "2024-05-23T14:55:35+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db33-7264-bc76-f6fd8ddf01ec", "title": "Pelasgians: Strabo on a legendary migrating people (early first century CE)", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2024/05/pelasgians-strabo-on-a-legendary-migrating-people-early-first-century-ce/", "published_at": "2024-05-23T14:35:37+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db33-7264-bc76-f6fd8df4cb01", "title": "Judeans: Dio Cassius on customs and Roman elite attitudes (early third century CE)", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2024/05/judeans-cassius-dio-and-roman-elite-attitudes-early-third-century-ce/", "published_at": "2024-05-23T12:40:52+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db33-7264-bc76-f6fd8e5c7071", "title": "Indians: Skylax of Karyanda, a Persian imperial ethnographic expedition, and paradoxical peoples (late sixth century BCE)", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2024/05/indians-skylax-of-karyanda-a-persian-imperial-ethnographic-expedition-and-paradoxical-peoples-late-sixth-century-bce/", "published_at": "2024-05-21T15:37:03+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db33-7264-bc76-f6fd8eea4dff", "title": "Lydian diasporas: Herodotos, Timaios of Tauromenion, and others on legends of migration to Tyrrhenia (late fourth century BCE on)", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2024/05/lydian-diasporas-herodotos-timaios-and-others-on-legends-of-migration-to-tyrrhenia-late-fourth-century-bce-on/", "published_at": "2024-05-21T13:12:35+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db33-7264-bc76-f6fd8f0e135b", "title": "Babylonian wisdom: Iamblichos on Mesopotamian legends and his training in Magian skills (mid-second century CE)", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2024/05/babylonians-and-magians-iamblichos-on-mesopotamian-legends-and-his-training-in-magian-skills-mid-second-century-ce/", "published_at": "2024-05-20T22:03:40+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db33-7264-bc76-f6fd8f4e9ac0", "title": "Armenians: Kyrsilos and Strabo on a Thessalian origin story, on worship of Anahita and on supposed sacred prostitution (early first century CE)", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2024/05/armenians-kyrsilos-and-strabo-on-a-thessalian-origin-story-on-worship-of-anahita-and-on-supposed-sacred-prostitution-early-first-century-ce/", "published_at": "2024-05-20T18:24:58+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db33-7264-bc76-f6fd8fe385c4", "title": "Medes: Nearchos and Strabo on neighbouring bandit-peoples and on Median customs (early first century CE)", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2024/05/medes-nearchos-and-strabo-on-neighbouring-bandit-peoples-and-on-median-customs-early-first-century-ce/", "published_at": "2024-05-20T16:54:37+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db34-7348-a027-bc94d07c7f74", "title": "Arabians: Strabo and others on Aelius Gallus’ expeditions and the imperial purposes of ethnographic knowledge (early first century CE)", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2024/05/arabians-strabo-on-aelius-gallus-imperial-expedition-early-first-century-ce/", "published_at": "2024-05-19T15:07:39+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db34-7348-a027-bc94d0b90162", "title": "Ethiopians: Diodoros on their claims, appearance, and customs (mid-first century BCE)", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2024/05/ethiopians-diodoros-first-century-bce/", "published_at": "2024-05-19T14:06:27+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db34-7348-a027-bc94d14af033", "title": "Ethiopians: Aristokreon on a people ruled by a dog (mid-third century BCE)", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2024/05/ethiopians-aristokreon-on-a-people-ruled-by-a-dog-mid-third-century-bce/", "published_at": "2024-05-19T13:40:59+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db34-7348-a027-bc94d19fad4c", "title": "Ethiopians: Dalion on paradoxical peoples (mid-third century BCE)", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2024/05/ethiopians-libyans-dalion-on-paradoxical-peoples-mid-third-century-bce/", "published_at": "2024-05-18T17:27:29+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db34-7348-a027-bc94d1a8fb05", "title": "Carians, Galatians, Halizonians, and others: Ephoros and Apollodoros of Athens on Anatolian peoples (mid-fourth century BCE on)", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2024/05/carians-galatians-halizonians-and-others-ephoros-and-apollodoros-of-athens-on-anatolian-peoples-mid-fourth-century-bce-on/", "published_at": "2024-05-17T18:48:33+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db34-7348-a027-bc94d212c384", "title": "Trojans, Lelegians, and Kilikians: Homer and Strabo on legendary peoples and migrations of historical peoples in Anatolia (early first century CE)", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2024/05/trojans-lelegians-and-kilikians-strabo-on-legendary-peoples-and-migrations-in-the-troad-early-first-century-ce/", "published_at": "2024-05-15T17:04:44+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db34-7348-a027-bc94d2fa7c07", "title": "Lycians, Pamphylians, and Cilicians: Strabo contrasts civilized and uncivilized peoples in southern Anatolia (early first century CE)", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2024/05/lycians-pamphylians-and-rugged-cilicians-strabo-contrasts-civilized-and-uncivilized-peoples-in-southeastern-anatolia-early-first-century-ce/", "published_at": "2024-05-15T12:14:08+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db34-7348-a027-bc94d354a7e1", "title": "Romans: Livy, Pliny, Plutarch, and Dio on Roman human sacrifice of Gauls and Greeks (late first century BCE on)", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2024/05/romans-plutarch-on-customs-related-to-human-sacrifice-early-second-century-ce/", "published_at": "2024-05-09T14:45:47+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db34-7348-a027-bc94d3ad001b", "title": "Egyptian perspectives: Chairemon on Egyptian temple functionaries and the astral significance of gods (first century CE)", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2024/05/egyptian-perspectives-chairemon-on-egyptian-priests-first-century-ce/", "published_at": "2024-05-09T05:05:59+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db34-7348-a027-bc94d48b5f27", "title": "Romans: Dionysios on Roman origins, Italic peoples, and legends of Greek and Pelasgian migrations to Italy (late first century BCE)", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2024/05/romans-dionysios-on-legends-of-greek-and-pelasgian-migrations-to-italy-late-first-century-bce/", "published_at": "2024-05-08T15:04:16+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db34-7348-a027-bc94d4d52cbb", "title": "Italic peoples: Cato, Livy, and Florus on Sabines, Samnites, and others (early second century BCE on)", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2024/05/italic-peoples-cato-livy-and-florus-on-sabines-samnites-and-others-early-second-century-bce-on/", "published_at": "2024-05-08T14:10:50+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db34-7348-a027-bc94d55b4fe2", "title": "Italic peoples: Strabo on Latins, Sabines, Samnites, Umbrians, Lucanians, and others (early first century CE)", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2024/05/italic-peoples-strabo-on-latins-sabines-samnites-umbrians-lucanians-and-others-early-first-century-ce/", "published_at": "2024-05-07T17:39:47+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db34-7348-a027-bc94d62c753d", "title": "Romans: Strabo on Roman superiority and conquest of peoples (early first century CE)", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2024/05/romans-strabo-on-roman-superiority-and-conquest-of-peoples-early-first-century-ce/", "published_at": "2024-05-07T17:26:47+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db34-7348-a027-bc94d68d341b", "title": "Italic peoples: Antiochos of Syracuse on migrations of peoples to and within Italy (late fifth century BCE)", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2024/05/italic-peoples-antiochos-of-syracuse-on-migrations-of-peoples-to-and-within-italy-late-fifth-century-bce/", "published_at": "2024-05-07T16:41:38+00:00" }, { "id": "01a087c1-db34-7348-a027-bc94d6f80baa", "title": "Tyrrhenians: Strabo on Etruscans as a powerful “bandit” people (early first century CE)", "url": "https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2024/05/tyrrhenians-strabo-on-etruscans-as-a-powerful-bandit-people-early-first-century-ce/", "published_at": "2024-05-06T22:36:23+00:00" } ] posts Claim your blog

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2026

Romans, Carthaginians, Celts, Scythians and others: Tertullian combats charges of human sacrifice and incest against Jesus adherents (early third century CE)original ↗

15 Sept 2026

Greeks, Persians, and Indians: Theophilos of Antioch combats charges of eating human flesh and incest against Jesus adherents (late second century CE)original ↗

15 Sept 2026

Egyptians, Taurians, and Greeks: Athenagoras of Athens combats charges of eating human flesh and incest against Jesus adherents (ca. 176-180 CE)original ↗

15 Sept 2026

Romans, Egyptians, Judeans, and others: Justin of Flavia Neapolis combats charges of eating human flesh and incest against Jesus adherents (mid-second century CE)original ↗

14 Sept 2026

Romans and Greeks: Livy on human sacrifice and other crimes by Bacchic devotees in Italy (late first century BCE)original ↗

14 Sept 2026

Pelasgian diasporas: Varro on Roman origins and human sacrifice at the Saturnalia festival (mid-first century BCE)original ↗

12 Sept 2026

Greeks: Diodoros and Polyainos on human sacrifice by conspirators led by Apollodoros (late first century BCE on)original ↗

11 Sept 2026

Romans: Sallust, Plutarch, and others on human sacrifice and other crimes of Catiline and conspirators (first century BCE on)original ↗

11 Sept 2026

Guide to Porphyry of Tyre original ↗

4 Sept 2026

Greeks, Egyptians, and Carthaginians: Porphyry and others on human sacrifice (third century CE)original ↗

4 Sept 2026

Egyptian and Babylonian wisdom: Lactantius on the authority of Hermes Trismegistos and the Sibyls (early fourth century CE)original ↗

14 Aug 2026

Guide to Lactantius of northern Africa original ↗

14 Aug 2026

Scythians, Sarmatians, or Massagetians: Josephos and others on wild invading Alans (first century CE)original ↗

13 Aug 2026

Persians: Lactantius on Magians’ expertise on lower spirits and on their lack of true wisdom (early fourth century CE)original ↗

6 Aug 2026

Taurians, Gauls, and Romans: Lactantius on human sacrifice and other criminal rituals to false gods (early fourth century CE)original ↗

5 Aug 2026

Arkadians: Plato, Varro, and others on supposed Lykaian human sacrifice (fourth century BCE on)original ↗

31 Jul 2026

Syrians / Phoenicians: Asklepiades and Neanthes on the introduction of eating animal meat (fourth century BCE)original ↗

29 Jul 2026

Egyptians, Thracians, Judeans, and Carthaginians: Theophrastos on piety and human sacrifice (fourth century BCE on)original ↗

29 Jul 2026

Chaldeans and Chaldoi: Hellanikos of Lesbos and Dikaiarchos of Messena on two peoples (fifth century BCE on)original ↗

26 Jul 2026

Scythians: Athenaios and others on Scythianizing and “Scythian speech” (fifth century BCE on)original ↗

21 Jul 2026

Iberians: Valerius Maximus, Petronius, Florus, and Appian on brave and/or savage Numantines (first-second centuries CE)original ↗

15 Jul 2026

Egyptians: Juvenal on “demented Egypt,” animal worship, and the eating of raw human flesh (early second century CE)original ↗

13 Jul 2026

Ancient Visual Ethnography: Picturing Invading and Conquered Peoples (Pomona College, Classics presentation, April 2026)original ↗

15 Mar 2026

Germans and other northerners: Captives in the reliefs from the Sebasteion at Aphrodisias (mid-first century CE)original ↗

15 Mar 2026

2025

Germans: Josephos on the accuracy of German divination (late first century CE)original ↗

13 Jun 2025

Germans: Josephos characterizes Caligula’s bodyguard as savage (late first century CE)original ↗

12 Jun 2025

Dorians and Xanthians: Monumentalizing claims of kinship (ca. 206/205 BCE)original ↗

20 Feb 2025

2024

Guide to Dio of Prusa original ↗

8 Sept 2024

Guide to Strabo original ↗

6 Sept 2024

Romans: Strabo concludes on their dominance and superiority (early first century CE)original ↗

2 Sept 2024

Libyans: Eratosthenes, Artemidoros, and Strabo on peoples and customs (early first century CE)original ↗

2 Sept 2024

Ethiopians: Strabo on a hard lifestyle in a harsh environment (early first century CE)original ↗

2 Sept 2024

Egyptians: Strabo on animal gods and accompanying rites (early first century CE)original ↗

2 Sept 2024

Arabians and Erembians: Poseidonios, Strabo and others on obscure peoples mentioned by Homer (early first century CE)original ↗

1 Sept 2024

Arabians and Nabateans: Strabo on their supposedly uncivilized sexual and burial customs (early first century CE)original ↗

1 Sept 2024

Judeans: Strabo on decline after Moses and banditry (early first century CE)original ↗

31 Aug 2024

Phoenicians: Strabo on the achievements of Tyrians and Sidonians (early first century CE)original ↗

31 Aug 2024

Assyrians, Babylonians, and surrounding peoples: Strabo on their customs (early first century CE)original ↗

31 Aug 2024

Arabians, Trogodytes, and peoples around the Red Sea: Eratosthenes, Artemidoros, and Strabo on their locations and customs (early first century CE)original ↗

29 Aug 2024

Scythians, barbarians, Greeks, and others: Epiphanios of Salamis on Scythianism as heresy (fourth century CE)original ↗

16 Aug 2024

Guide to Tacitus original ↗

16 Aug 2024

Celts: Tacitus on the revolt of Boians under Marricus (early second century CE)original ↗

16 Aug 2024

Britons: Tacitus and Dio Cassius on the revolt of the Icenians and Trinobantians led by Boudicca (early second century)original ↗

16 Aug 2024

Germans: Tacitus on the revolt of the Batavians and on Batavian character (early second century CE)original ↗

16 Aug 2024

Guide to Philo of Alexandria original ↗

14 Aug 2024

Guide to Celsus and Origen of Alexandria original ↗

14 Aug 2024

Thracians, Scythians, and others: Anonymous author on opposing views and the relativity of what is shameful or good (mid-fourth century BCE [?])original ↗

14 Aug 2024

Ethiopians: Philo of Alexandria on the supposed lowness of Ethiopians and self-control of Assyrians (early first century CE)original ↗

13 Aug 2024

Ethiopians: Origen on the blackness of Solomon’s and Moses’ Ethiopian wife and on the spiritual Ethiopian (early third century CE)original ↗

13 Aug 2024

Egyptians, Phrygians, Assyrians and Persians: Firmicus Maternus on impious customs (mid-fourth century CE)original ↗

13 Aug 2024

Eastern and northern peoples: Bardaisan of Edessa’s Book of the Laws of Countries, Pseudo-Clementines, and Origen on astrology and peoples (second-third centuries CE)original ↗

13 Aug 2024

Indians, Ethiopians, and Iberians: Poseidonios and Strabo on Eudoxos of Kyzikos’ expeditions (first centuries BCE and CE)original ↗

9 Aug 2024

Guide to Dio Cassius original ↗

8 Aug 2024

Libyans: Dio Cassius and others on Domitian’s annihilation of Nasamonians (early third century CE)original ↗

8 Aug 2024

Britons: Dio Cassius on the wild lifestyle and banditry of Maiatians and Kaledonians (early third century CE)original ↗

8 Aug 2024

Persians and peoples in their territory: Strabo on their customs and on bandit peoples (early first century CE)original ↗

6 Aug 2024

Arianians, Gedrosians, and Karmanians: Eratosthenes and Strabo on their locations and some customs (early first century CE)original ↗

6 Aug 2024

Ichthyophagians: Nearchos and Agatharchides on Fish-eaters around the Arabian Sea (fourth-first centuries BCE)original ↗

6 Aug 2024

Germans, Britons, and Indians: Strabo on travelers, soldiers and merchants as sources of information (early first century CE)original ↗

6 Aug 2024

Indians: Megasthenes, Aristoboulos, Onesikritos, and Strabo on Indian customs and on Brahmans (fourth century BCE-early first century CE)original ↗

5 Aug 2024

Indians: Eratosthenes and Strabo on legendary Nysaians and Sibians (third century BCE / early first century CE)original ↗

4 Aug 2024

Indians: Iamboulos and Diodoros on a utopian island beyond India (mid-first century BCE)original ↗

24 Jul 2024

Celts: Cicero on Gauls and the link between imperial conquest and negative stereotypes (mid-first century BCE)original ↗

21 Jun 2024

Egyptians: Ammonios’ papyrus letter on “inhuman Egyptians” (third century CE)original ↗

5 Jun 2024

Guide to Cicero original ↗

29 May 2024

Guide to Hekataios of Miletos original ↗

28 May 2024

Syrians, Persians, Indians, Libyans, and others: Hekataios of Miletos on peoples of Asia (sixth century BCE)original ↗

28 May 2024

Scythians and Thracians: Hekataios of Miletos on European peoples (sixth century BCE)original ↗

28 May 2024

Pelasgians, Lelegians, and others: Hekataios of Miletos and Strabo on barbarians of Greece (sixth century BCE on)original ↗

28 May 2024

Phoenicians: Dion and Menander on competition between Tyrian and Israelite kings (before the late first century CE)original ↗

26 May 2024

Parthians: Dio Cassius on their empire and military customs (early third century CE)original ↗

26 May 2024

Parthians and Arabians: Isidoros of Charax and the imperial purposes of geographic and ethnographic information (late first century BCE)original ↗

26 May 2024

Phoenician perspectives: Philo of Byblos on “Phoenician Matters” (early second century CE)original ↗

26 May 2024

Lycians: Menekrates of Xanthos and Polycharmos on Lycian origins and the practice of fish-divination (late fifth century BCE on)original ↗

25 May 2024

Carthaginians: Plato, Aristotle, Polybios and others on their character and communal organization (fourth century BCE on)original ↗

24 May 2024

Scythians, Thracians, Celts, and Persians: Plato on heavy-drinking and war-like peoples (early fourth century BCE)original ↗

23 May 2024

Lelegians: Plutarch on Greek Trallians’ treatment of indigenous peoples (early second century CE)original ↗

23 May 2024

Lelegians and Carians: Philippos of Theangela on civilized Carians and savage Lelegians (third century BCE)original ↗

23 May 2024

Pelasgians: Strabo on a legendary migrating people (early first century CE)original ↗

23 May 2024

Judeans: Dio Cassius on customs and Roman elite attitudes (early third century CE)original ↗

23 May 2024

Indians: Skylax of Karyanda, a Persian imperial ethnographic expedition, and paradoxical peoples (late sixth century BCE)original ↗

21 May 2024

Lydian diasporas: Herodotos, Timaios of Tauromenion, and others on legends of migration to Tyrrhenia (late fourth century BCE on)original ↗

21 May 2024

Babylonian wisdom: Iamblichos on Mesopotamian legends and his training in Magian skills (mid-second century CE)original ↗

20 May 2024

Armenians: Kyrsilos and Strabo on a Thessalian origin story, on worship of Anahita and on supposed sacred prostitution (early first century CE)original ↗

20 May 2024

Medes: Nearchos and Strabo on neighbouring bandit-peoples and on Median customs (early first century CE)original ↗

20 May 2024

Arabians: Strabo and others on Aelius Gallus’ expeditions and the imperial purposes of ethnographic knowledge (early first century CE)original ↗

19 May 2024

Ethiopians: Diodoros on their claims, appearance, and customs (mid-first century BCE)original ↗

19 May 2024

Ethiopians: Aristokreon on a people ruled by a dog (mid-third century BCE)original ↗

19 May 2024

Ethiopians: Dalion on paradoxical peoples (mid-third century BCE)original ↗

18 May 2024

Carians, Galatians, Halizonians, and others: Ephoros and Apollodoros of Athens on Anatolian peoples (mid-fourth century BCE on)original ↗

17 May 2024

Trojans, Lelegians, and Kilikians: Homer and Strabo on legendary peoples and migrations of historical peoples in Anatolia (early first century CE)original ↗

15 May 2024

Lycians, Pamphylians, and Cilicians: Strabo contrasts civilized and uncivilized peoples in southern Anatolia (early first century CE)original ↗

15 May 2024

Romans: Livy, Pliny, Plutarch, and Dio on Roman human sacrifice of Gauls and Greeks (late first century BCE on)original ↗

9 May 2024

Egyptian perspectives: Chairemon on Egyptian temple functionaries and the astral significance of gods (first century CE)original ↗

9 May 2024

Romans: Dionysios on Roman origins, Italic peoples, and legends of Greek and Pelasgian migrations to Italy (late first century BCE)original ↗

8 May 2024

Italic peoples: Cato, Livy, and Florus on Sabines, Samnites, and others (early second century BCE on)original ↗

8 May 2024

Italic peoples: Strabo on Latins, Sabines, Samnites, Umbrians, Lucanians, and others (early first century CE)original ↗

7 May 2024

Romans: Strabo on Roman superiority and conquest of peoples (early first century CE)original ↗

7 May 2024

Italic peoples: Antiochos of Syracuse on migrations of peoples to and within Italy (late fifth century BCE)original ↗

7 May 2024

Tyrrhenians: Strabo on Etruscans as a powerful “bandit” people (early first century CE)original ↗

6 May 2024